The Holocaust never happened
Holocaust denial is a conspiracy theory that claims that the systematic extermination of six million Jews never occurred during World War II. This has been refuted by an overwhelming amount of evidence, including eyewitness reports , historical documents , pictures , and the physical remains of concentration camps such as Auschwitz . In addition, there are numerous lawsuits has been, like that of Holocaust denier David Irving, in which the truth of the Holocaust has been legally confirmed.

The moon landing has been staged
Many conspiracy theorists believe that the moon landings were fabricated by NASA and shot in a studio. However, this has been refuted by extensive scientific evidence, including moon rocks, independent observations, and the fact that thousands of people were involved in the mission, making a large-scale cover-up very unlikely.

The Earth is the center of the universe (geocentrism)
This idea was popular in ancient times and later refined by Ptolemy. However, it was refuted by the discoveries of Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century, which proposed the heliocentric model, and further proven by Galileo Galilei , which showed through telescopic observations (such as the phases of Venus and Jupiter's moons) that the planets revolve around the Sun. Modern observations and space travel confirm the heliocentric model.

The Pyramids of Giza were built by aliens
This theory claims that the Giza pyramids have such a complex structure that they could not have been built by humans, and were therefore created by aliens. This has been refuted by archaeological and historical research. Excavations near the pyramids have uncovered the remains of workers' villages, including tools and materials used for construction. Egyptologists , such as Mark Lehner and Zahi Hawass , have shown that the pyramids were built by thousands of workers over decades, using well-known techniques of the time, such as ramps and lifting mechanisms.

The Bermuda Triangle causes the disappearance of ships and planes due to supernatural forces
The Bermuda Triangle is often linked to mysterious disappearances of planes and ships. Many people believe that supernatural forces or alien activities are involved. However, this has been refuted by scientific and statistical analyses. A study by the US Navy and the Lloyd's of London insurance company concluded that the number of accidents in the Bermuda Triangle is comparable to that of any other busy maritime route. In addition, research by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on natural factors such as strong currents, weather conditions, and human error as the most likely causes of the disappearances.

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