Roasting Most fundamentally, roasting is applying various types of heat in order to produce chemical and physical changes to the green coffee. The roasting process is what produces coffees distinctive flavors, by forcing changes to taste from green coffee beans. The flavors and aromas from the roasting process are evident, and coffee can have some spiciness in its taste. Medium-roast coffee is where you will begin to see chemical changes caused by the roasting process that create an oil on the beans surface.
Beans If beans are roasting much higher than that, coffee starts tasting increasingly like coal. The beans will look drier and drier, leading to coffee that has slightly less body, and often with no evidence of the roasting process. The duration and heat of the roasting process dictates how a coffee tastes, as does the variety of beans used. The beans themselves are important, and coffee gets most of its aroma and flavour from the roasting process.
Different Roasts Different coffee roasts Coffee roasting is the heat processing process that brings out aromas and flavors locked within a green coffee bean, which has a slight, grassy taste by itself, and turns the beans brown. In coffee, roasting means the heating process that brings out the fragrance and taste of a beans. Roasting is the heat process that transforms a coffee into the aromatic, deep-brown beans that we know and love. Roasting turns green beans into aromatic, flavored coffee to awaken our senses in the morning.
Dark Roasting Dark roasting beans produce a richer taste and more substantial body in the coffee made from espresso. If you are looking to take coffee a step further with body and flavor, the medium-dark roast coffee beans provide bold bodies and a fuller flavor, with a slightly bittersweet finish. For the espresso-lovers who prefer their coffee to be robust, smoky, and bitter, dark roast is the way to go. Dark roasted coffee does not vary between beans nearly as much as lighter or medium roasts, and it will provide a richer, more robust cup each time.
Flavor Wise Flavor-wise, lighter roasts have that toasted taste and pronounced acidity that allows the coffee beans raw flavors to shine through. Lighter body, dry roasts are perfect to experience the full origin flavor of the coffee. Generally, in dark roasts, you cannot really taste the flavor of origin, only the effects the roasting process has on this kind of coffee beans.
Robusta Coffee is typically roasted that dark because it is a low-quality, inexpensive coffee. Only the really cheap, low-grade Robusta coffee is typically ever roasted this dark. Coffee roasters love a slightly darker roast for espresso, because that makes the beans more water-soluble.
Custom Roasting Good coffee roasters will also adjust their roasting profile depending on if the beans are going to be used for espresso or filter coffee. Custom roasting, in contrast, takes different varietal flavor profiles of beans into consideration and seeks to maximise these throughout the roasting process. Roasting beans to different degrees accomplishes much more than just darkening beans; it also changes a lot of the beans physical properties.
Aromatic
When you roast beans that are already naturally aromatic, Strength (by which we mean aroma, not caffeine content) is not improved when you roast past medium-rare. Roasted beans taste more like coffee, and they also weigh less since moisture has been eliminated during roasting. Because a lightly roasted bean is cooked for less time and at lower temperatures, it retains more of the caffeine of the raw green coffee beans.
Caramelized Flavors The caramelized flavors from the beans begin to come out with medium roasts because of their higher exposure to heat. The darker a coffee is roasted, the more the coffees initial characteristics begin to get overshadowed by roasted flavors that are emitted from the roasting machinery. The coffee has also lost much of its original characteristics of coffee, because prolonged roasting gives it a greater roasty flavor.
The additional roasting makes the coffee rounder, with more sweetness and body, but a bit less acidity. Roasting time is what affects coffee bean colour, and also affects flavor and aroma in the final product. A longer roasting time brings out bean oils that are visible in the brewed product, and produces stronger, sometimes bitter flavors.
Cinnamon
Beans that are roasting with cinnamon are not roasted for a long enough period of time with a high temperature to show the caramelization of sucrose, meaning that your cup of coffee will lack that rich, brown-sugar-like flavour that is present in beloved medium roasts. Two varieties of coffee, coming from different countries of origin or grown in different environments, are likely to taste very different even if they are roasted at the same grade (especially in the lighter and medium roast grades). Two coffee varieties, grown in different environments, are likely to taste different even when roasted to the same level, so it is important to taste different coffees to find which best suits your tastes. Light roasted coffees are lighter-bodied with assertive, snappy acidity.
Region Region and conditions also contribute to an extensive array of unique flavors and aroma profiles, which is exactly what makes choosing and pairing coffee beans like varietals in wine. We like to refer to this as ourstrong roast, as the unusual level of roast, combined with our own blend of proprietary coffees, produces maximum caffeine yield from beans, with no flavor sacrifices.
Blonde Roast Blonde roast is pulled straight out of the roaster right after first crack, which exposes it to the heat of the roasting process for a shorter time than many other roasts. Like darker roasts, espresso roasts are best enjoyed with cream and sugar (if you have a milk frother or steamer, you can create a lattes or cappuccino at home). The more delicate beans, including much of Kopi Luwak (civet) coffee, should not be roasted darker than city, otherwise the delicate flavour elements and aromatics may get lost, burned off by high heat. Unroasted beans have similar, if not higher, levels of acid, protein, sugar, and caffeine than roasted beans, but they do not taste like roasted coffee beans because of Maillard reactions and other chemical reactions occurring in the roasting process.
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