Mamaloetje

· 19 Aug 2020

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- Corona

During our walk this morning, the sun shone very bright. It was still quite fresh (well, everything relatively natural - it was 18 degrees) and the sun sparkled unwisely.
“Look,” said Anieka (7), “it's like we're seeing corona!”

The sisters and brother chuckled, but Anieka really was right!

Wikipedia explains:

The corona is the hot atmosphere around the sun and other stars that stretches over millions of kilometers. It is normally not visible, but during a complete solar eclipse or with the help of a coronagrave. It is then perceivable as a wreath of light.

The temperature of the corona is higher than that of the visible surface of the sun — the photosphere. The photosphere has a temperature of around 6000 K, while the corona has a temperature of around 1,000,000 K. The high temperature of the corona has been a mystery for many years, because it apparently does not extract that temperature from the photosphere. One of the assumptions is that its energy comes from the magnetic fields in the active areas of the sun that emit energy. Another assumption from 2017 is that the high temperature is partly caused by type II spicules dumping hot plasma of about 10 million degrees into the corona. [1]

The corona varies with the solar cycle. During quiet periods, it is clearly visible that the corona shows long serpentines directed away from the sun in a pattern like a magnetic field. At very high activity, the corona is brighter and exhibits coronal holes with spirals and arcs above protuberances and solar flares. Coronal holes are dark spots in the corona with a lower temperature than their environment from which the solar wind flows. The solar wind is a rapid flow of electrons and protons, and it affects the magnetic fields of the planets.

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