Research that builds on previous studies, including a 2017 showing that seed production in men in Western countries had decreased by more than 50 percent over the past four decades. Swan therefore thinks that the rapidly decreasing fertility could lead to most Western men as early as 2045 barely viable sperm having.

Environmental pollution leads to smaller penises. Scientist Shanna Swan discovered this after researching the effects of pollution and climate change on human reproduction. She shares her revelations in a new book. The culprits are phthalates, substances used in the production of printing inks, adhesives, perfumes and plasticizers for plastics. These substances enter the environment with the waste and do not break down, but enter the human body via air and water. There, the chemicals affect the hormone balance. Swan actually investigated the effects of phthalates in the body on seed production, but found another side effect. Namely, in children exposed to the substances in the womb, less penis volume. This is probably due to the fact that in the body the substances behave like estrogen and thereby interfere with the natural production of hormones.

Air pollution significantly increases the risk of infertility, finds study . If you want to have a child, you better go live in a place where there is little particulate matter. A study of 18,000 Chinese couples shows that an increase of 10 micrograms of particulate matter per cubic metre of air is already associated with a 20 percent higher risk of infertility,


With particulate matter all dust particles in the air are meant. It is a collective name of particles of different sizes, up to a maximum of 10 micrometers (µm) diameter. On the following pages you will find more information about what particulate matter is, what standards exist for particulate matter and how to calculate particulate matter concentrations. Also here you will find information about the sources of particulate matter and the possible health effects.

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