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Groningen

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Groningen (city)
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Groningen
flag Groningen
Groningen city


Province of Groningen
Inhabitants 202,567 (2017)
Surface area 8372 km²
Main town (s) of Groningen
Mayor Peter den Oudsten (PvdA)
Postal Code (s) 9700-9747
Area code (s) 050



the city hall of Groningen
Groningen is the city and municipality in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. Groningen is also the capital of the province of Groningen. Many people from Groningen also call the city simply City or Ggrunnen. The mayor is Peter Erick Johan den Oudsten. As of November 2014, Groningen has 202,000 inhabitants, making it the seventh largest city in the Netherlands. It is the most important and only major city in the Northern Netherlands. Groningen thus has an important center function for the provinces of Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe and Overijssel. Groningen has a number of important and large facilities, such as the UMCG (hospital), the University of Groningen, the Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, the headquarters of DUO, a branch of the Bijenkorf, the third largest IKEA branch in the whole of Europe, the largest JUMBO supermarket in the whole of Europe The Netherlands and a big nightlife. Groningen also has its own airport, Groningen Airport Eelde, located in the village of Eelde, Drenthe. From Groningen Airport Eelde, flights depart to London, Turkey, Spain, Greece, etc.


Contents
Name
Groningen is a variant of the name Groeningen, which is not entirely certain. Poets tried to link Groningen to the story about the Trojan Horse. The main character was Gruno. A German people who founded Groningen would have named the city that too. Another theory is that Groningen is named after the Grunoburg castle, which stood near Hunze. Yet another theory confirms that the name descends from the name Groni. Later, in the 11th century, a river would be named Gronesbeke. The name Groningen would then mean to the people of Groni. Yet another theory says that the name Groningen is derived from the words Green-inge, which means Green Fields. So where the name Groningen comes from is still unknown, but it is most likely that the last two theories are correct.

History
Arise

A map of Groningen from 1575.
Groningen was originally built on an offshoot of the Hondsrug. Groningen was mentioned for the first time in 1040, under the name Villa Cruoninga. Using a method, it was investigated that Groningen between 3950 and 3720 V. Chr. was inhabited. In the 3rd century, there was a permanent residence in Groningen. Groningen originally consists of two cores.

Middle Ages
Groningen was mentioned for the first time in 1040. Groningen is then mentioned in a letter, stating that the German emperor donated goods and rights to the Utrecht church. From 1040, Groningen became a trading city. Around 800, the first church in Groningen was founded, the Maartenskerk. Because Groningen was on the border from Drenthe to Friesland at that time, it was an important place. In the 12th century, there was a great struggle between the Utrecht bishop and the inhabitants of Groningen. The Utrecht bishop was landlord of Groningen, but due to the distance, this was difficult. The bishop Hartbert wanted to solve the problems and appointed his brother as landlord of Groningen. Two parties arose in Groningen. One party was for the landlord and the other party were against and were called the Stadjers. She wanted to become independent.

In the 13th century, the towns built a wall to show their power. There was also a battle, the Battle of Ane. As a result, the bishop's power is reduced. After this, Groningen does not care much about the bishop. Later, there will be another church in Groningen, the Der Aa church, and two monasteries. A guest house is also being built in Groningen, the Pelstergasthuis. In the 14th century, Groningen gains city rights and becomes a Hanseatic city.

City/State

A painting of Groningen from 1795.
The fifteenth century was a favorable period for Groningen. At that time, Groningen was the largest city in the Northern Netherlands. The city has its own military force, so there are not many conflicts. Groningen is also gaining more and more area and is growing into a city-state. The Oldambt, Westerkwartier, Hunsingo and Fivelingo are conquered. In treaty, Groningen acquires parts of Friesland. Only the city of Franeker and the area around it will not be part. Within the Holy Roman Empire, Groningen becomes a Free City. As a result, the Utrecht bishop no longer had power in Groningen.

The Republic

A painting of Groningen from 1920.
The German emperor offered whether Groningen wanted the whole of Friesland. The emperor did want an annual fee for this. Groningen refused this because it was too expensive. Albert of Saxony eventually got the other parts of Friesland. Albrecht also wanted to conquer Groningen and the Ommelanden. The city became part of Guelders and later of the Burgundian Kreits. Groningen did not interfere with the Eighty Years' War, but eventually chose to become part of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. Groningen and the area around it became part of the Stad and Lande region. In 1614, Groningen received a university. Groningen expanded considerably and got a new city wall. In July 1672, Groningen was besieged and in August the Groningen Astonished took place.

nineteenth century
In the French Age, the favorable period for Groningen ended. The French then closed all universities in the Netherlands. Only the University of Leiden and Groningen were allowed to remain open. Groningen was then the most important city in the province and that had to end according to the French. Nevertheless, Groningen was allowed to keep its city possessions and canals were dug and extended. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the population in Groningen grew rapidly. As a result, there was not enough space in Groningen and Groningen could not expand, because then there would be a risk of attacks. Due to the Establishment Act, the city wall was demolished. Outside the center, new neighborhoods were created.

twentieth century

Groningen in 1945 after the Liberation of Groningen.
In the twentieth century, Groningen gained a larger surface. The village of Helpman and the municipalities of Hoogkerk and Noorddijk were added to Groningen. In the twentieth century, Groningen was also named Red City.

World War II
During the Second World War, Groningen was soon occupied by the Germans. There was little resistance then. A total of 3300 Groningers died during the war, including 2800 Jews. 250 Jews fled from Germany to Groningen. From August 1942, Jewish citizens had to work in Labour Camps. During the war, few people went into hiding. A student committee helped put Jewish children into hiding somewhere. The Liberation of Groningen took place in April 1945. There was a fight for three days (13, 14 and 15 April) The Germans and Canadians then fought against each other. Much was lost and destroyed, yet the most famous monuments were only slightly or not damaged at all.

Geography
Groningen is located in the north of the Netherlands and in the southwest of the province of Groningen. To the north, Groningen borders the municipality of Bedum, to the northeast by the municipality of Ten Boer, to the east by Slochteren, to the southeast by Hoogezand-Sappemeer and Haren, to the south by the municipality of Tynaarlo in Drenthe and to the southwest by the Noordenveld in Drenthe, to the west Leek and Zuidhorn and to the northwest at Winsum.

Population
Groningen has 198,000 inhabitants and is therefore one of the 10 largest cities in the Netherlands. Most residents of Groningen are between the ages of 20 and 25, making Groningen the student city in the Netherlands. More people are coming in Groningen than leaving. This is why Groningen grows. For example, 14,000 inhabitants left in 2008 and 15,000 inhabitants were added.

Layout
The official districts.
Officially, Groningen is divided into 5 districts. These are:

The Inner City
The Old Neighborhoods
Northwest/Hoogkerk
Noorddijk
South
Arts and Culture
Students

The Martini Tower, the most famous monument in Groningen.
In addition to many original Groningen people, there are also many students from the rest of the Netherlands, and even from other parts of the world. That's why many people also call Groningen a 'student city'. The two largest educational institutions, the University of Applied Sciences and the Hanze University of Applied Sciences, together have more than 45,000 students.

The students who study medicine at the University often work together with the doctors in Groningen's largest hospital: the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG). This collaboration arose in 1905, when the UMCG was still called the University Hospital Groningen (MSF), in collaboration with the department of “Medical Sciences” of the university.

This hospital, the university and the university of applied sciences provide more than 40% of the jobs in Groningen, which actually makes the students very important for the city.

Sights
The most famous monument in Groningen is the Martini Tower with the Martini Church. The Martini Tower is located on the Grote Markt. This includes the town hall and the Gold Office. Behind the Martini Church is the Martinikerkhof. The county house and the Prinsenhof. Behind the Prinsenhof lies the Prinsentuin. Another big square is the Fish Market. This includes the Korenbeurs.

Museums
In Groningen, the Groninger Museum is the most important museum. The museum consists of several pavilions. The University Museum is about the collection that the University of Groningen owns. The Northern Maritime Museum is about shipping in the Northern Netherlands. The GR-ID is about Graphic Arts. The Dutch Comic Strip Museum is about comic book art.

Economics
Many factories that make food, such as sugar, coffee and tobacco, are located in Groningen. For a few years now, the ICT sector has also been getting bigger. Because Groningen is the largest city in the Northern Netherlands, it is also the most important city for employment. Fewer and fewer people are working in factories. In 1999, 15% of Groningen people still worked in industry, in 2004 this was 12%. Most Groningen factories produce sugar. As a result, Groningen is also known as the Sugar City.

polices
The current mayor of Groningen is Peter den Oudsten of the PvdA. There are 5 aldermen in Groningen and they all have a task:

Ton Schoor (D66): Councilor for Finance, Healthcare, Education
Roeland van der Schaaf (PvdA): alderman for Spatial Planning, Labour Market Policy, Housing, Land Affairs
Matthias Gijsbertsen (GroenLinks): Alderman for Social Affairs, Youth Care, Sustainability
Joost van Keulen (VVD): Councilor for Economic Affairs, Innovation, Personnel Organization
Paul de Rook (D66): Alderman for Traffic, Transport, Culture, Sport
The Groningen City Council consists of 39 members. Below you can see the composition: