Hemoglobin normal level

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the world, which accounts for about 30% of all causes of death. Of these deaths, high blood pressure is regarded as the most important risk factor and underlying cause of the cardiovascular disease (1-3). Furthermore, such risk factors as high levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), uric acid (UA), and diabetic Mellitus contributed greatly to the development of the cardiovascular disease. Therefore, to maintain the blood pressure values at an appropriate level and decreasing the risk factors to a minimal level is especially important. And it is imperative for us to obtain enough knowledge about factors that are associated with blood pressure or those cardiovascular risk factors.

Previous reports indicate that systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) may increase with increasing hemoglobin (Hb) levels not only in hypertensive patients, but also in healthy patients (4,5). In addition, increased Hb values often accompany insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia in humans (6-8). Conversely, anemia has also been suggested to be responsible for insulin resistance (9), thus suggesting a reasonable postulation that J- or U-shaped relationship might exist between the level of Hb and other cardiovascular risk factors.

However, to our knowledge, studies that demonstrate a relationship between hematological parameters such as Hb and blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors are very few. And drawbacks of these earlier studies were too small individuals included or the lack of adjustment for potential confounding factors, such as age, gender, and heart rate (4,10). In, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between Hb and the traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia by using cross-sectional data in large community-dwelling subjects.

Blood Pressure Measurement

Blood pressure measurements were obtained by manual auscultation with a mercury-gravity manometer via a standardized protocol by trained physicians. Three blood pressure readings were obtained after the participant had been seated, with feet on the ground and back supported, and resting quietly for ≥5 minutes. Each reading was obtained 30 seconds apart, and a fourth reading was obtained if ≥1 of the previous readings had been interrupted (11,12). Mean SBP and DBP for each participant were calculated from the recorded readings.