Mahfuzul Alam Siam

@mahfuzulsiam · 03 Dec 2021

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How to grow onion?

Onion is an important cash crop. Used as a spice and vegetable. At present, our country produces about 6 lakh 79 thousand metric tons of onion every year on only 265.6 thousand acres of land. Onion cultivation can be seen almost everywhere in the world. Onion is cultivated not only in winter but also in the monsoon season.
Nutritional value: There is so much calcium and a little vitamin C.
Medicinal properties
Acts as a stimulant
Increases the speed of urination
Reduces bronchial mucus
Increases menstruation
Reduces gastrointestinal tract irritation
Purifies the blood
Reduces asthma and constipation
Applying pure honey with insect bites reduces irritation
Raw onion juice helps in hair growth
Uses: In addition to being used as a spice in vegetables, onions are also used in making various delicacies.
Suitable land and soil: Fertile sandy-loam soil is very good for onion cultivation. In the rainy season, onion cultivation requires high ground where rainwater does not accumulate. The land should have an irrigation and drainage system.
Caste Introduction:
Barry Onion-1: The tuber of the variety is more porous. Each tree has 10-12 leaves. The yield per hectare is 12-16 tons. Seed yield is 600-750 kg per hectare. Barry Onion-1 Purple Bloch and Stem Phyllum Disease Resistant. The variety is suitable for cultivation in the Rabi season.
Bari Onion-2: The variety is a short-term crop especially in the Kharif season i.e. in summer. It looks round and red. For early cultivation, seeds can be sown in the seedbed from mid-February to the first week of March and 40-45 days old seedlings can be sown in April. Seeds are sown in the seedbed in June-July for nabi cultivation. The yield per hectare (246th century) is 22 tons.
Bari Onion-3: The variety is a short-term crop especially in the Kharif season i.e. in summer. It looks round and red. The best time for sowing seeds is mid-June to mid-July. The best time to sow seeds in advance is mid-February to the first week of March and April is the best time to plant seedlings.
Barry Onion-4: It is a high-yielding winter onion. Round in shape, greyish reddish, and pale. The yield per hectare is 18-22 tons.
Bari Onion-5: This variety is a short-term crop suitable for summer cultivation. It can be cultivated all year round. It takes 95-110 days for the seed to harvest. The average yield per hectare is 18-20 tons.
Local varieties: Among the local varieties Taherpuri, Bhati of Faridpur, Jhitka, Kailasnagar are notable. The yield of these two varieties is doubled in the early Rabi season and the quality of tuber is also improved. The two invented and mentioned onion varieties have been approved for commercial cultivation in North Bengal, Kushtia, Jessore, and Faridpur regions.
Characteristics of good seeds:
If you press good seeds with your hands, the pressure will not subside. Bad seeds will put pressure.
If you press it with your teeth in the mouth, if it is a good seed, it will break. Bad seeds will be flattened.
If you put it in water, it will sink in water. If it is bad, it will float.
Seedling preparation: 25-30 gm seed is required for each 3x1 m seedbed. Onions can be cultivated in Rabi and Kharif seasons. Seeds are sown in July-August (Shravan-Bhadra) for Kharif season and February-March (Magh-Falgun) for Rabi season. After clearing the weeds of the land and cultivating well, a seedbed of size 3x1 m is kept with a ladder for one week. Before sowing the seeds, the seeds should be soaked in the evening of the previous day, picked up the next day, dried in the sun for 1 hour, and then sown in the seedbed. After sowing the seeds should be covered with loose soil. The next day after sowing the seeds should be provided shade in the bed. The seedbed should be covered during the day and kept open at night. If necessary, give water with a shower.
Planting of saplings: Land is prepared with 5 cultivations and ladders. 15x10 cm Seedlings are planted at a distance. During the rainy season 1 m wide and 15 cm. Seedlings are planted by making high beds. 30 cm between the two beds. Wide water drainage ditches are kept. 40-45 days old seedlings are suitable for planting.
Fertilizer management: Dung 8-10 tons, urea 250-260 kg, TSP 190-20 kg, and 150-160 kg MOP fertilizer are applied per hectare in onion land. At the time of land preparation, 160-180 kg of urea and the rest of the fertilizer have to be mixed in the soil. The remaining urea fertilizer is applied 20 days after transplanting.
Irrigation and weed management: If there is a lack of sap in the land, irrigation should be given. In the monsoon season, drainage ditches should be kept so that rainwater cannot stand. The land should be kept free from weeds. After irrigation, the land should be loosened by weeding. In the case of onion tuber production, the flower buds should be broken as soon as they are seen.
Disease and Insect Management:
Insect name: Thrips
This insect is small but sucks the sap from the leaves so the tree becomes weak. For that reason, if the leaves in the field look pale, you should go closer and look carefully, otherwise, the yield will be much less. Insects are very small in shape. The female insects are slender, yellowish. Adult males are dark brown. The baby is white or yellow. They have long spots on their backs.
Damage pattern: Infected leaves turn silver as they suck sap. Infected leaves show brown spots or spots. In more attacks, the leaves dry out and fall off. The rhizomes are small and distorted in shape.
Life cycle: Female insects lay 45-50 eggs in leaf cells. Nymphs (chicks) hatch from eggs in 5-10 days. The nymph goes through two stages in 15-30 days. It takes food in the first stage and stays on the ground without taking food in the second stage. They breed 6 times a year. And female insects can give birth without mating with male insects.
Management: Use of white adhesive traps. This insect can be controlled by increasing the number of spiders in the field. If the attack is more in the cypermethrin groupAdipyr of Cyparin, Cipher, or Imadichloro feed group should be sprayed with 1 ml Cypermexin per liter or 0.5 ml Amida chlorophyll per liter for 4 to 5 consecutive days.
Insect name: Jab insect
Damage pattern: Jab insects in groups suck the juice of onion leaves, resulting in the weakening and yellowing of the plant. The fluid that comes out of the anus of a jab beetle is called honeydew, which when stuck in the leaves produces a black fungus called sooty mold. As a result, the green part of the tree is damaged.
Management: In case of severe infestation, spray Cypermexin group Cyprien, Cipher, or Imadichloro feed group Admire 1 ml Cypermexin or Amida chlorophyll 0.5 ml per liter for 4 to 5 consecutive days.
Disease name: Purple Bleach / Blight
This disease causes the most damage to onions. The leaves and stems of the tree are affected at any age. Onions do not flower in more attacks and the crop is less. Infected seeds cannot be stored for long. The market price goes down. The disease is caused by the fungi Alternaria pori and Stemphyllum botryosum.
Damage pattern: At first, small water-soaked light purple spots are formed on the stem. The spots grow into large spots and the affected area dries out like a straw. Infected leaves gradually begin to die from the upper side. Spots on the affected area at the base of the leaf or stem increase and suddenly the leaf or seed-carrying stem breaks, resulting in malnutrition of seeds and reduced yield. When it rains, the disease spreads rapidly. The disease is spread through infected seeds, abandoned parts of trees, and air.
Management: Use of disease-resistant or tolerant varieties. Use of disease-free seeds. Following the crop, stage means not planting onions in the same land for at least 4 consecutive years. Abandoned part of onion plant, weed destruction. Mancozeb group aggregates should be treated with Dithene M-45 or Bavistin (Carbbondazim) fungicide at the rate of 100 gm per kg of seed. In case of severe infestation, Rural or Entracol 2 gm per liter of water and Agrize, Dithene M-45 or Follicure (Tebuconazole) in 10 liters of water should be sprayed with .05 ml.
Name of the disease: stem rot
The disease is caused by fungi called Sclerotium Ralphusi and Fusarium. Trees can be infected at any age. Its attack can be seen in tubers and roots. Infected tubers cannot be stored for long days due to rot and storage of infected tubers.
Damage pattern: The leaves of the affected tree turn yellow and fall off. When pulled, the affected tree easily emerges from the soil along with the tuber. White fungus and round brown fungus bead (Sclerotium) are found in the affected area. The disease spreads rapidly in soils with high heat and humidity. Irrigation of the field also increases the disease. Since the germs of this disease live in the soil, the disease is spread through irrigation water and by working tools during inter care in the soil.
Management: Infected trees should be uprooted and destroyed. The soil cannot be kept moist all the time. Onion/garlic cannot be cultivated in the affected land every year. Mancozeb group aggregates should be treated with Dithene M-45 or Bavistin (Carbbondazim) fungicide at the rate of 100 gm per kg of seed.
Harvesting:
Useful Features: When the onion plant matures, the leaves gradually turn yellow and fall off. About 70-80% of the land is suitable for onion cultivation in this condition.
Time of collection: If the neck or throat of the onion plant is dry and broken or feels soft, then it should be understood that it is time to pick the onion.
How long will it take: It takes about 110 to 120 days from sowing to harvesting.
Yield: Generally, it is suitable to harvest onion in 35-45 days in the monsoon season and 40-55 days in the Rabi season. In the Rabi season, when the onion leaves die (if the throat is thin), the onion along with the tree is picked and the leaves are dried and the dead leaves are cut and stored. Yield per hectare is 12-16 tons in Rabi and 10-12 tons in Kharif.

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