Hannie Schaft as a resistance hero in World War II.
There were many unknown resistance women in the war. - #secondwar #resistancewomen #HannieSchaft Which still amazed me to this day, that I have never heard of the resistance of women during my school career. I received history lessons at a fairly high level and a comprehensive and comprehensive overview of World War II with thousands of names, which had been important in preparing for freedom on May 5, 1945. As a young adult, I was never concerned with the amazement that I feel today, that almost never women names were mentioned. At least I can't remember that or it's been erased from my memory in a strange way. Yesterday in the Volkskrant there was a very extensive article about Hannie Schaft as a resistance hero described by Paul Onkenhout, who at the van Dortstraat in Haarlem where Hannie Schaft and parents had lived, but in a different time frame. He lived at number 60 (from 1967) and Hannie lived at number 20 from 1936 (1920-1945), so it saved several decades. They grew up in different times, but shared the same spaces. They attended the same elementary school, high school, the Second HBS -B, that in a later time the girls' lyceum: Lorentzceum. The writer Paul Onkenhout assumes that they also swam in the same municipal swimming facility, when he learned to swim - where Hannie Schaft stole ID cards and tried to get German soldiers to talk and stole weapons for the resistance. That's an assumption by the writer: Paul Onkenhout! The life story of Hannie Schaft. - Memorial Hannie Schaft. On April 17, 1945, a few weeks before the liberation, Hannie Schaft was executed in the dunes near Overveen and buried in the sand. The Nazis considered Hannie Schaft a terrorist. She owes that reputation to her active role in the armed resistance. She was spotted in several attacks, including Piet Faber and Zaanse police captain Ragut. The latter would be in the service of the Sicherheitspolizei and have earned well to betray people. For a long time the Sicherheitspolizei was particularly keen to catch this' Mörderin '(assassin). Jo's (Hannie) first concrete illegal resistance activity was stealing identity documents. That was in the spring of 1942, when the Jews star became obligatory and Jews were no longer allowed to cycle or travel by public transport and were not allowed to come out in the evening and at night. Jo stole identity cards from peers from the dressing room of a swimming pool and left them by her schoolmate Erna Kropveld forging for her girlfriends Sonja and Philine. Shortly afterwards, major raids in Amsterdam followed. Together with a few other students, Jo Philine and Sonja helped to find different safe houses. After that, Jo stole dozens of identity cards from swimming pools, theatres, concert halls and cafes. She did this on her own initiative and at the request of Erna Kropveld. If Erna asked, Jo delivered ID from someone with the right sex and age within hours. In addition, she collected and collected items for carried away Jewish people. Through the Red Cross she sent parcels to Westerbork and camps in Germany. In her parents' home she had set up a small room where she stored stuff she had collected from neighbors, family and acquaintances. Her (Jo) attempt in contact with the active resistance. - In response to the attack on Hendrik Bannink (WA) and a German petty officer in Haarlem, a hundred inhabitants of Haarlem were put on transport to Vught and ten Haarlem hostages from 'Jewish Communist circles' executed. On a strike call from the Resistance Council, the occupying forces reacted very repressively: more than a hundred people died; nearly a thousand people went on transport to Vught. Following such events, Jo tried to get in touch with the resistance. She finally succeeded in that in the summer of 1943. One of Jo's first assignments was to contact Truus and Freddy Oversteegen who were hiding in Twente. From that moment on, the trio worked a lot together in the resistance. They provided information on German defenses, transporting illegal newspapers and weapons, providing false I.D.'s, and bringing people in hiding to new addresses. Jo and Truus regularly went swimming in the swimming pool in Overveen to join German soldiers and their lieutenant Willy and get intelligence from them. They also stole two revolvers. Jo got shooting lessons and, mostly in pairs, committed attacks on various traitors. Over time, all Jo's life was in the service of the resistance. She was on the lookout at the attack on the Pen power plant in Velsen-Noord, smuggled ammunition boxes from IJmuiden and mapped the defences on the coast (Atlantic Wall).. The latter she did through explorations and through conversations with Germans. She could get anywhere thanks to a forged Ausweis with stamps. The life history of Hannie Schaft. - Hannie Schaft was born on September 16, 1920 in Haarlem as Jannetje, Johanna Schaft, nicksign Jo . When Jo was seven, her only sister Annie died of diphtheria in her father's arms.. Since then, her parents have been constantly worried that they would lose Jo too. As an only child, she grows up protected with her father and mother. Classmates — both in primary school and at the HBS-B and later with girls' lyceum — describe Jo (Hannie) as a retired, shy and slightly tutty girl who read a lot of books and got high grades. Friends or girlfriends she didn't have! This changed in 1938, when she went to study law at the University of Amsterdam. Jo became a member of the Amsterdam Female Student Association (AVSV), endured the hazing and soon made friends. She was a lot with Philine Polak and Sonja Frenk, two Jewish students. They studied together, ate together and took joint trips. With Annie van Calsem and Nellie Luyting she founded a new dispute called Gemma (gemmare e minoribus appentinus = uit de kleine dingen streven wij naar het grote). With them she rented an attic room in the Michelangelostraat in Amsterdam-Zuid after the summer of 1940. National Socialism was brought to her by her parents. - Jo (Hannie) got from home from values like solidarity, justice and equality. Her father was a teacher at the Rijks Kweekschool and a member of the Socialist Workerspartij (SDAP), her mother came from a socialist family of preachers. At the table, Jo witnessed the discussions about the events in the world. The ideal of a just world made her choose a study law. She specialized in international law and dreamed of going to Geneva to revive the League of Nations. The Schaft family was at an early stage aware of the danger of national socialism. They followed developments in Germany closely, and their concern grew when the NSB, related to Hitler's NSDAP, received almost eight percent of the votes in the 1935 State Election. The days of occupation and capitulation in May 1940 Jo was at home with her parents in Haarlem. Shortly after the capitulation, Bernard Ijzerdraat's' Geuzenbericht 'appeared, which called for resistance. After a few days, Jo went back to Amsterdam to visit Philine and Sonja, but also to study, because despite the occupation life continued. On July 1, she passed her candidacy exam. Jo (Hannie) talked a lot to her friends about the war. They listened to the illegal radio station Radio Orange and took some illegal magazines from the university. Jo's resistance consisted of deliberately looking the other way when she met German soldiers or shrug her shoulders when they asked her for the way. That's all they could do at that time. persecution of Jews. - In najaar 1940 begon de persecution of Jews in Nederland met de Ariërverklaring die mensen in dienst van de overheid moesten tekenen, een maand later gevolgd door het ontslag van Joden. Also several professors had to leave. A planned student strike did not come off the ground. Only months later, when 400 Jewish men had been arrested and deported at raids in Amsterdam, the first resistance became visible in the February strike (1941).. In autumn, new measures against the Jews followed. Parks, gardens, libraries, theatres and concert halls were banned. When the parents of Jo (Hannie) were taken hostage, she wanted to turn herself in, but was stopped by the famous (aunt) Truus and Freddie. The Germans held her parents hostage in the hope that the girl with the red hair that had been seen during various sabotage actions and liquidations would turn up. Jo almost did it. Because the parents were 'in picture', Jo could only look them up in secret every now and then. When the Great Love of Jo (Hannie) was arrested and tortured and murdered by the Germans, Jo changed her name to Hannie. This great love betrayed the address where Hannie would be, shortly before she had fled to another safe house. Hannie Schaft committed eight attacks on collaborators. - She committed a total of attacks on at least eight collaborators. By no means all attacks succeeded, sometimes several attempts were made by several resistance groups. Hannie participated in a failed attempt to liquidate three heads of the Haarlem detective: Inspector Fake Krist, Willemse and Smit. In addition, the resistance members, including Hannie, were injured and had to recover at another safe house. On 21 March 1945 things went wrong. A check at the wall in Haarlem North found resistance crafts in her bicycle bag. With that she was on her way to a resistance group in IJmuiden. Lieutenant Willy, with whom she had hooked up in the pool years ago, was in the neighborhood. She called him, but he pretended he didn't know her. Through the Ripperdakazerne and the Ortskommandantuur in the Haarlemmerhout she entered the House of Bewaring at the Oostvest. There they also found her FN-9mm gun in her purse. Prison guard Haverkort had the plan to free her the next day. His colleague Geert Bijl, who took over the service, was also looking for ways to get her out of prison. But by chance Emil Rühl came by, who wanted to take the arrested man to Amsterdam and recognized her as Hannie Schaft. House of detention Amsterdam and the execution. - Hannie Schaft was isolated and interrogated for days in the House of Detention on the Amstelveenseweg. It was known that she had committed the attacks on Ragut and Faber. After some time, she also confessed to the assassination of Ko Langendijk, which prevented five female hostages from being executed. From the Resistance, they tried to bribe Germans. Oberstrumbannführer Armin Hinkfusz was assured that Hannie Schaft would not be shot. There were also agreements between occupiers and resistance that both would not do any more liquidations. Yet Willy Lages of the Sicherheitspolizei gave the order to execute. On April 17, 1945, Hannie Schaft was taken out of her cell by the German Matthew Schmitz and the Dutchman Maarten Kuijper, who was notorious for his cruelty. Fellow prisoners heard her scream very loud. She was taken to Overveen by car. On a sandy road near the beach, they stopped. Kuijper and Schmitz and a Feldgendarme man took her to the execution site. Schmitz ran behind her and fired a shot to her head, but the shot injured her alone. Then Kuijper shot his machine gun until she fell dead. They hastily buried her in the dunes. Source: Volkskrant/4-5-2021/Paul Onkenhout Book: Annie Schaft - The life story of a woman in opposition to the Nazis of Ton Kors. Free Writing: Janne Marthies. Illustrations: Bol.com and #pixabay
