Md. Riday Khan

· 25 Nov 2021

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What are ions?

An ion is an atom or molecule, when an atom is charged positively or negatively by taking or rejecting electrons, that atom is called an ion.

There are two types of ions:
Anion
Cation

How are ions formed?
The conversion of atoms into ions: The electrons in the outermost chamber or valence chamber of the atom are very weakly attracted to the nucleus due to its maximum distance from the nucleus. So these electrons are called almost free electrons. By applying a little external force through heat, light, electric or magnetic field, etc., it is possible to bring one or more such electrons out of the atom or to insert one or more electrons from outside the valence chamber. Atoms are free of normalcy. Therefore, the removal of electrons results in an electron deficiency, i.e., a positive charge surplus, and an additional negative charge when electrons are added. In this state, the atom is converted into cation and anion, respectively.
Reasons for the Origin of Ions: One of the essential elements for the conversion of an atom into an ion is the electron configuration of the atom. All the elements that have 1, 2, or 3 electrons in the outermost cell show a tendency to produce cation by eliminating one or more electrons. Again, all the elements that have 5, 6, or 7 electrons in the outermost cell show the tendency to produce anion by accepting one or more electrons. The atomic chambers of all atoms are filled with electrons and do not want to be easily ionized.

Ionization Energy: An isolated (isolated) gaseous atom of an element at the lowest energy level. The minimum energy required is called the ionization energy or ion potential of this element.

X (g) + Ionization energy (IE 1) - + X = (g)} + e-

Ionization Energy: An isolated (isolated) gaseous atom of an element at the lowest energy level. Cation:

An atom with a positive charge is called a cation. When an atom emits one or more electrons from the outermost cell, the atom becomes a cation. Because then the total number of electrons in the atom is less than the total number of protons in the nucleus.

Example: When the sodium atom emits an electron, Nat cation is produced, Nae - Nat

Negative ions or anions:

An atom with a negative charge is called an anion. When an atom receives one or more electrons in the outermost cell, the atom becomes an anion. Because then the total number of electrons in the atom is more than the total number of protons in the nucleus.

Example The chlorine atom receives an electron. Becomes anion; Cl + Cl

How ions are formed from atoms. Atomic electricity is neutral. At rest, there are as many protons in the nucleus of an atom as there are electrons in different outer orbits. When an atom emits one or more electrons from the outermost cell or receives one or more electrons from the outermost cell, the atom becomes an electrically charged particle and forms ions.

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