Bhargav

· 13 Nov 2021

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What are the causes of seizures?

There is a sudden, uncontrollable electrical disturbance in the brain that is known as a seizure. It has the potential to alter your moods, movements, and feelings, as well as your overall state of awareness. Epilepsy is generally defined as having two or more seizures at least 24 hours apart that is not caused by an identifiable cause.

Seizures can have a wide range of symptoms and severity, depending on the type. It's important to know where a seizure begins and how far it spreads in order to determine the type. A typical seizure lasts between 30 and two minutes. A medical emergency is defined as a seizure lasting more than five minutes.

It's more common than you think to have a seizure. Seizures can be caused by a stroke, a concussion, an infection like meningitis, or any other condition that affects the nervous system. Often, the cause of a seizure cannot be determined.

With medication, most seizure disorders can be managed, but the day-to-day management of seizures can still have a major impact on your life. Fortunately, your doctor can help you find a balance between seizure prevention and medication side effects.

Symptoms

There is a wide range of signs and symptoms associated with a seizure, which can be mild or severe depending on the type of seizure. Indications of a seizure include:

•    A smattering of confusion
•    A trance-like state


Focused seizures
These seizures are caused by abnormal brain activity in a specific area. With or without loss of consciousness, focal seizures can occur.

Irreversible loss of consciousness and a focal seizure. Changes in consciousness or awareness that feel like a dream are common in these seizures. You may appear to be awake, but your eyes are fixed on the ground and you are unable to respond to your surroundings, or you engage in a series of repetitive actions. Hand rubbing, mouth movements, repeating certain words, or walking in a circle are all examples of these behaviors. It's possible that you won't be able to recall the seizure or even that it happened.

Involuntary convulsions that do not result in unconsciousness Even though your emotions and sensory perceptions may be altered by these seizures, you will remain conscious throughout the process. You may experience a burst of anger, joy, or sadness. Some people experience nausea or other strange sensations that are difficult to put into words. It's possible that these seizures can also cause difficulties with speech, involuntary jerking of a body part, such as an arm or leg, and spontaneous sensory symptoms like tingling or dizziness.

It is possible to confuse the symptoms of focal seizures with those of migraines, narcolepsy, and mental illness.

Seizures of the general kind
Generalized seizures are those that appear to affect all parts of the brain. Generalized seizures can come in a variety of forms, including:

Suspension-free
In children, absence seizures, formerly known as petit mal seizures, often result in staring into space or involuntary movements of the body, such as blinking or smacking the lips. They typically last between five and ten seconds, but can occur hundreds of times a day, on average. A brief loss of consciousness may occur during these seizures.

Seizures with tonicity
Muscle stiffness is a side effect of tonic seizures. Seizures that affect the muscles in your lower back, upper arms, and lower legs can cause you to lose consciousness and fall to the floor.

Convulsions of the atonic variety
An atonic seizure, or "drop seizure," causes a loss of muscle control, which can result in you collapsing or falling down, or even dropping your head.

Involuntary muscle spasms
Clonic seizures are characterized by jerking muscle movements that occur in a repetitive or pulsating pattern. The neck, face, and arms on both sides of the body are commonly affected by these seizures.

Irregular heartbeat and irregular breathing. In most cases, a myoclonic seizure is characterized by the sudden, brief arm and leg movements. Consciousness is often not lost.

Involuntary muscle spasms
As the most severe form of an epileptic seizure, tonic-clonic seizures, also known as grand mal seizures, can cause a sudden loss of consciousness, stiffening and shaking in the body, and even the inability to control one's bladder or biting one's tongue. As long as a few minutes.

Causes
Neurons, which are the brain's nerve cells (neurons), transmit and receive electrical impulses. An epileptic seizure can be triggered by anything that interferes with these neural pathways. Genetic mutations are thought to be the root cause of some seizure disorders.

Epilepsy is the leading cause of seizures. Some people have epilepsy, but not everyone who suffers a seizure does. Occasionally, seizures can be triggered or caused by:

•    It's possible to get meningitis from a high temperature.
•    The inability to get enough rest
•    Flashing lights, moving patterns, or other visual stimulants
•    Hyponatremia, which can occur as a result of diuretic therapy

Anti-depressants, painkillers, and smoking cessation therapies all have the potential to lower the threshold for a seizure.

•    Brain bleeding as a result of a head injury
•    Abnormalities in the cerebral blood vessels
•    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
•    Stroke
•    Tumor in the brain
•    Legal or recreational drug use, such as amphetamines or cocaine, is prohibited
•    Alcohol abuse, especially during periods of withdrawal or extreme intoxication, can be dangerous.




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