Muskan

· 08 Feb 2022

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What blood type is the Universal Donor

O negative blood group is considered a Universal Blood Donor. A person with O- blood group can donate blood to any recipient regardless of the blood group. Though O blood types are commonly called the Universal Blood Donors, the true Universal Donors are the ones who have O- (negative) blood cells. These Universal Donors do not carry any antigen while the O+ cannot donate blood to persons having Rh- negative blood cells. Let us understand blood groups in detail.  
The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) has recognized a total of 38 human blood group systems till now. A, B, O and Rh are the most commonly used blood groups.
45% of Caucasian people, 51% of African -Americans, and 57% of Hispanics are found with O blood group. So, people from diverse populations can play a crucial role in saving lives to needy ones by donating their blood. Thus, the blood group type O with both negative and positive types has a high demand.

How to determine the blood type?
The blood types are governed by the presence or absence of some antigens. These antigens are the molecule that triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to fight against foreign invaders. A and B blood groups decide the four main blood groups whether the surface of the RBCs has or does not have the two antigens. Besides the Rh factor, the protein in the blood determines if your blood group is negative or positive. 8 universally known blood groups are  A+ve, A-ve, B+ve, B-ve, O+ve, O-ve, AB+ve, and AB-ve.

Importance of knowing your blood group
It is crucial to known one’s blood group before blood transfusion i.e. both the donor and recipient's blood groups should match. In case of blood group mismatch, there are high chances that the immune system consider the transfused blood as a foreign body and attack it.

What are Blood Types and Transfusions?
There are different types of Blood Types which is discussed below:
•    Type A: The persons having Type A can only receive blood from Type A and O and can donate to those with Type A and AB.
•    Type B: The persons having Type B can only receive blood from Type B and O and can donate to those with Type B and AB.
•    Type O: The persons having Type O can only receive blood from Type O, but can donate to those with any Type A, B, and AB.
•    Type AB: The persons having Type AB can receive blood from any type but can donate only to Type AB.


Blood Transfusion
Blood Transfusion is the process of infusing the blood to the patients who have some illness or injury. Some health conditions and circumstances which mandate blood transfusion are as follows:
•    During labor complications where the mother is expecting
•    Serious accidents
•    Premature babies
•    Cancer treatment
•    Heart surgeries
Blood transfusion is of several kinds which are:
•    Red Blood Cells Transfusion
•    Platelet Transfusion
•    Plasma Transfusion


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