Sunday Emmanuel

@sundayemmanuel · 14 Nov 2021

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what causes kidney stone

the kidney is an organ that is responsible for the excretion of all nitrogenous wastes that are harmful to human health. They also serve as organs of osmoregulation for blood and body fluid. However, it's vital to note that there are some infections that alter kidney functions such as kidney stones.

What are kidney stones?

Some tiny solids ( e.g calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine.) present in urine are not very soluble. These tiny solids under certain conditions are precipitated in the nephrons into kidney stones. When kidney stones become too large, they block the nephrons thereby altering the free flow of urine. The stone may stay in the kidney or travel down the urinary tract into the ureter.

Sometimes, tiny stones move out of the body in the urine without causing too much pain. But stones that don't move may cause a back-up of urine in the kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra. This is what causes the pain.

Causes and risk factors of kidney stones

Anyone can have kidney stones, but some people are more susceptible to it. For instance, it's more common in males than in females, non-Hispanic white people contracted it more than people of other ethnicities. Here are some of the leading factors that can cause kidney stones;

• Not drinking enough water.
• Take a diet that's high in protein, sodium, and/or sugar.
  
•   overweight or obesity.
• You have had gastric bypass surgery or another intestinal surgery.
  
• You have polycystic kidney disease or another cystic kidney infection.
• You have a certain condition that causes your urine to contain high levels of cystine, oxalate, uric acid, or calcium.
  

• Passing out the urine with great difficulty.
• High blood pressure may occur.
  
• Severe abdominal pain.
• Nausea and vomiting.

• Ensure drinking sufficient water and other fluids such as fruit juices especially during hot weather to prevent the urine from becoming over concentrated.
  
• Avoid excessive taking of calcium foods. Taking drugs that are capable of dissolving kidney stones, the drug has to be recommended by a qualified medical doctor.
  
• If the drug fails, surgery is the next option.