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· 17 Dec 2021

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What does ITR (Internal Transfer Rate) mean?

The speed of data transfer is critical because the obvious goal of utilizing a hard disk is to move data to a hard drive and onto disks, or even off disks as well as out of the drive. In comparison to the far more widely mentioned metrics of seeking duration and interface transfer rate, this is an undervalued performance parameter.

Transfer rates can be perplexing, in part because the term "transfer rate" can refer to a variety of things. The speed at which a hard disk can directly read data from the platter's surface and transfer it to an internal drive cache or even read buffer, ready for transmission across the system's interface, is what we're talking about here. This is the internal data transfer rate of the drive. This is in contrast to the external data transfer rate, which is the rate at which data can be delivered from the buffer to the system across the interface.

The sustained transfer rate refers to the actual rate at which one can be able to read data from the disk, whereas the peak or even burst transfer rate refers to the rate at which data can be read from the disk. The external rate is frequently significantly higher than the internal rate, which is why both phrases are used. As a result, when the drive detects that the data requested is already in the buffer, it can burst data through the interface at a greater rate. However, because the buffer is small in comparison to the size of a disk (under 1 MB in most cases), the platters themselves should be accessible for a continuous read of any practical size, and the entire data transfer rate will be limited to whatever the drive can manage internally.

Even for internal data transfer rate has multiple values, which adds to the confusion. No disk can sustain its sustained transfer rate for an extended period since it is only possible to achieve this rate under optimal conditions: reading a limited number of consecutive areas over the fastest region of the disk. Reading data in the "real world" entails seeking multiple sections of the disk, utilizing different heads on separate platters, and so on, therefore a read of about 1 MB file from your drive will never complete at the maximum sustained transfer rate given (yet it is going to be much closer compared to a burst transfer rate).

Determining the data transfer rate is simple if you know the drive's true specs; calculating the transfer rate is going to show you which design aspects affect this performance metric. A transfer rate is a measurement of how much data can be accessed in a given length of time. As a result, we ought to be able to know how much data can move through the write/read heads in a second. This is determined by the data density (how closely the data is packed into every linear inch of the disk track) and the disk's rotation speed. Because we knew how many bytes are in a sector, we can simply compute the data density if we know how many sectors that are on the track. Because the speed of the disk is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM), we are going to divide it by 60. This is going to ensure we get revolutions per second. This yields the following calculation of the data transmission rate in megabits per second (to convert to megabytes per second, divide by 8):

• Data Transfer Rate equals (Spindle Speed divide by 60 * Sectors-For Every-Track multiply 512 multiply 8) divide 1,000,000

Note that the true physical geometry is required for this; otherwise, the logical BIOS configuration parameters would produce inaccurate results. You're probably looking at logical BIOS geometry if the geometry you're using states the disk contains 63 sectors for every track and 16 heads.