Md. Riday Khan

· 24 Nov 2021

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What is beta blocker?

Beta-blockers are a type of medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart disease, abnormal heart rhythms, and angina (chest pain). They are sometimes used in patients with heart attacks to protect against future heart attacks and to improve survival. Each beta-blocker is FDA approved. Beta-blockers are most commonly available in the form of immediate-release or extended-release tablets or capsules.

How will beta-blockers work?
Beta-blockers, or beta-adrenergic blocking agents, bind to beta receptors, called beta-adrenoceptors. The drugs norepinephrine and epinephrine inhibit the binding of these receptors. By doing this, the beta-blocker inhibits the excitability of the heart and slows down the heartbeat, cardiac contractility (the ability of the heart muscle to contract), and the speed of movement. It also reduces oxygen demand and increases exercise tolerance. Beta-blockers may be used alone or in combination with other drugs, depending on the indications and the patient's medical history.


What are beta-blockers used for?
Beta-blockers can treat a variety of conditions based on specific indications for each drug, including:

Cardiovascular Disease / Heart Disease (Coronary Artery Disease)
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) such as AFIB (atrial fibrillation)
Tachycardia (fast heart rate)
Congestive heart failure
Chest pain (angina)
Anxiety symptoms (sweating, rapid heartbeat, tremors)
Aortic dissection
Myocardial infarction
Necessary tremors
Hyperthyroidism
Migraine prevention
Glaucoma (in eye drop form - examples include Timolol, Carteolol, Betaxolol)
Types of beta-blockers
Beta-blockers fall into several groups:

Unreasonable beta blocker
These affect the beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. Inexperienced beta-blockers should be used with caution (or not at all) in patients who smoke or have asthma or lung problems. Examples include propranolol, nadolol, timolol, and pindolol.


Cardiovascular beta-blockers
They block only beta-1 receptors in the heart and do not affect beta-2 receptors in the lungs or blood vessels. Thus, they are safe for people with lung problems. Examples include atenolol, metoprolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, acebutolol, and nebivolol.

Another beta-blocker is called a block (esmolol). This beta-blocker has been injected. Braviblock is used to quickly control ventricular rate in emergencies and for short-term treatment of tachycardia (rapid heart rate) and for hypertension during or after surgery.

Third-generation beta-blockers
Some beta-blockers have other functions, such as blocking alpha receptors and/or producing nitric oxide to help relax blood vessels. Examples include labetalol, carvedilol, and Bystolic.

Other beta-blockers
Also, there are some beta-blockers that are not in any category but officially beta-blockers. For example, glaucoma eye drops include beta-blocker Timolol (brand name Timoptic, Timoptic XE), Carteolol (Occupress), and Betaxolol (Bitoptic).

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