What oxygen level is too low?

Oxygen is an essential component of life and plants are the only source of oxygen on Earth. The amount of oxygen present in one’ blood circulation system is known as blood oxygen level. The majority of oxygen is transported by red blood cells, which collect it from the lungs and distribute it throughout the body. In order to feed oxygen to every cell of the body, an optimal oxygen level should be maintained in the body. The amount of oxygen in a person's blood is a measurement of how efficiently the body transfers oxygen from the lungs to the cells, and it's essential for their health.

Low Blood oxygen levels

Hypoxemia- Hypo means ‘Low’, ox used for oxygen and ‘emia’ means present in blood. Hypoxemia characterizes low blood oxygen level in circulatory system compared to the optimal level which should be present. This occurs when the body has trouble supplying oxygen to all of its cells, tissues, and organs. The shortage of oxygen in tissues leads to hypoxia.  A person may experience problems like breathing and confusion which are conspicuous signs of hypoxia.

What O2 level is too low? And what pulse ox is too low? The amount of oxygen in a person's blood is referred to as oxygen saturation. A pulse oximeter is a device that medical professionals regularly use for quick tests or long-term monitoring. The gadget is small enough to fit on a person's fingertip. Well, Healthy people's blood oxygen levels range between 75 and 100 millimetres of mercury (mm Hg). The medical profession deems it low when arterial blood gas (ABG) test results show an oxygen level below 60 mm Hg. People who have these results may necessitate oxygen supplementation in some situations.

What method is used to determine the level of oxygen in the blood?

An ABG test is the most accurate technique to measure blood oxygen levels. A blood sample is taken from an artery, generally from the wrist, for this test. ABG tests are performed at a hospital by pathologist. However, people can use a simple gadget called a pulse oximeter to test their oxygen level at home.

A pulse oximeter is a little clip typically worn on a finger, although it can also be worn on an ear or toe. It uses optical absorption through a person's pulse to measure blood oxygen indirectly. Although it is less accurate, the pulse oximeter test is simpler, faster, and less unpleasant than the ABG test. Several factors can skew the results, including the following:

●    filthy fingertips
●    a lot of light
●    skin tone
●    a coat of nail polish
●    Weak blood circulation to the extremities

Symptoms of low oxygen level

Low blood oxygen levels could result in following symptoms:
●    Trouble breathing
●    Headaches
●    Unrest
●    Dizziness
●    Confusion
●    Breathing at a rapid rate
●    Chest discomfort, and befuddlement
●    Blood pressure that is too high
●    Visual impairments
●    A feeling of euphoria
●    A fast heartbeat

Causes of low oxygen level

In medical sciences, hypoxemia term is used to denote low oxygen level in blood circulation. It could occur as a result of:
●    There isn't enough oxygen in the air.
●    The lungs' ability to inhale and send oxygen to all tissues and cells is impaired.
●    The circulatory system’s ability to absorb oxygen, transport it to different parts throughout the body is impaired.

Some other factors affecting low body oxygen level are as follows:

Numerous medical conditions and circumstances can play a role in the following factors, including:
●    Asthma
●    Congenital heart disease is one of the most common types of heart disease.
●    Very high altitude
●    Anaemia
●    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
●    Interstitial lung disease (ILD), a kind of emphysema-related lung illness.
●    Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a disorder in which the body's respiratory system becomes inflamed (ARDS).
●    Pneumonia
●    An  obstructed artery in the lungs
●  Pulmonary fibrosis
●    Abnormal amount of fluid in lungs
●    Interrupted breathing is also a sign of sleep apnea

When should you see a doctor?

Following symptoms connote dire need to visit a medical practitioner:
●    Sudden and acute shortness of breath
●    have acute shortness of breath that worsens during vigorous activity or exercise
●    If you experience a choking sensation during sleep which may awaken you unexpectedly.

Treatment

Supplemental oxygen is one of the therapeutic options for low blood oxygen levels. Doctors can prescribe or recommend home oxygen therapy, or they can give oxygen therapy in the office (HOT). A variety of devices for delivering and measuring HOT are available; however, some require a prescription.

People can enhance their overall health and quality of life by making lifestyle changes that lessen the symptoms of low oxygen levels. Among the changes that are likely to be beneficial are:
●    Quit smoking
●    Avoid the inhalation of secondhand smoke
●    Consuming a well-balanced diet rich in fruits, healthy grains, lean protein, and vegetables
●    Exercising on a regular basis- it enhances overall fitness as well as strengthens

Conclusion

The amount of oxygen circulating in a person's blood is referred to as their blood oxygen level. A pulse oximeter can be used to check a person's blood oxygen levels. Doctors consider values below 95 percent on a pulse oximeter to be low. Asthma, anaemia, and COVID-19 are just a few of the disorders that can lead to low blood oxygen levels. The most common treatment is to address the underlying cause, but doctors may also suggest oxygen therapy or lifestyle changes as per the requirement.



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