Sunday Emmanuel

@sundayemmanuel · 08 Dec 2021

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What is a mixture

A mixture contains two or more substances mixed which are physically combined. Mixtures can have a varying composition and the properties of a mixture are some of the properties of its constituent. An impure substance is a mixture containing a small amount of an impurity mixed with a pure substance. An example is a sand and water.

Separation of mixture

Raw materials used in industries are combined from the earth more often in an impure state. This mixture has to be separated to obtain the raw material and the need for separation of the mixture and arises. Because mixtures are not chemically combined buy different physical methods based on their difference in size, solubilities, densities, boiling point, and melting point. The following are some mixture methods:

Filtration: this method separates insoluble solids from liquid. It involves the use of a funnel containing a cone of filter paper. The liquid passes through the filter paper and drips into the conical flasks below. The liquid that drips into the conical Flask is known as the filtrate. The insoluble particle that remains in the filter paper is known as the residue. This method is used in water purification and the treatment of sewage.


Distillation: This method is used to separate liquid from solid or solids with boiling points widely apart. If the boiling point of the liquid is close together fractional distillation method is employed. In this method, a liquid can be separated from a solution by boiling the liquid to turn into vapor and allowing it to escape into a special apparatus, which will condense the vapor and then turn it into pure liquid. The condensed liquid is known as a distillate. This method is used in water purification for use in the laboratory, in the wire and spirits industry, and in-car batteries.


Crystallization: this method produces pure solid. The solid is dissolved in a suitable solvent leaving impurities as an insoluble residue. The solution is then concentrated and allowed to cool slowly until Crystal is formed. Crystallization is the best method to get a pure product. It is widely employed in drug manufacturing industries. They use of crystalization as a purification process takes place where the impurity in the substance is in soluble in the solvent. The impure solid is dissolved in a suitable solvent, leaving the impurities as an insoluble residue. The solution is filtered and heated to drive away some of the solvent until the solution becomes saturated.


Sublimation: when a solid is heated and changes directly from solid-state to the gaseous state without passing through the liquid state, we say the substance sublime's. Examples are iodine, naphthalene, and ammonium chloride. Sublimation is the process by which solid changes directly into vapor and from vapor to solid.


Chromatography: this method separate substance into complex mixtures e.g. a mixture of dye and ink. This method is used in identifying components of petroleum to follow the progress of a chemical reaction and medicine to analyze blood or urine. It is used also in the dye industry to separate colored mixtures
#whatisamixture #separatioofmixture #Filtration #Distillation #Crystallization #Sublimation #Chromatography@Henkjan de Krijger