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· 12 Jan 2022

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When was the calculator invented

Pascaline, also known as the Arithmetic Machine, was the first calculator or addition machine that was ever produced in bulk. Between 1642 and 1644, the French mathematician-philosopher Blaise Pascal created and produced the Pascaline. It might do basic arithmetic, and numbers were input by turning their dials. Pascal created the device for his father, a revenue collector, rendering it the first commercial machine. Let us understand different types of calculators and when was the calculator invented?

History of calculator
In 1632, W. Oughtred invented the circular or rectangular slide rule. It's also known as an electromechanical calculator. It was frequently employed for different measures before the introduction of the calculator. It is often used for simple arithmetic, but it may also be used to solve equations such as roots, square roots, and trigonometric calculations.
Between 1642 and 1644, the French mathematician-philosopher Blaise Pascal created and produced the Pascaline. It might do basic arithmetic, and numbers were input by turning their dials. Pascal created the device for his father, a revenue collector, rendering it the first commercial machine.
In 1884, William Seward Burroughs built the first completely functional prototype of his adding machine. Burroughs began developing his own calculating machine prototype in the early 1880s while working for the Boyer Machine Company in St. Louis, Missouri. In his design, he incorporated a "dashpot," a device that controlled the machine's handle pull. There had been various prototypes, but those that survived in the hands of untrained users delivered erroneous, and at times ridiculous, conclusions.

Digital Calculator
Blaise Pascal, an 18-year-old scientist, invented and built the first digital calculator in 1642 to help his father with tedious tax accounting. Early in his career, he was a well-known mathematician and physicist for designing an early calculator that was well ahead of its time. Blaise Pascal was a child prodigy, publishing a dissertation on sound communications when he was 12 and a book on conic sections when he was 16.

Pascal proceeded to develop his concept over the following decade, building fifty Pascaline devices in all. Pascaline could only manage 5-digit numbers at first, but he soon created 6-digit and 8-digit Pascalines. The calculator featured metal ring dials that were rotated to the precise numbers using a pointer; the results showed in panels at the top of the calculator. Blaise estimated a polished metal box of about 350mm by 125mm by 75mm. It was small enough to transport. On the top was a column of 8 moveable dials with numbers ranging from 0 to 9, which could be used to add a row of up to eight digits. The device could add, deduct, multiply, and divide. Multiplication and divisions were fairly difficult to do, as they required repetitive basic arithmetic.

Handheld Calculator
Kilby, Van Tassel, and Merryman built a mathematical prototype of the First Hand Held Calculator in December 1966. They made an application in 1967, and it was granted eight years later. The first small calculator's working heart was circuitry capable of addition, reduction, multiplying, and dividing. It had a tiny keyboard with 18 buttons and a graphical display that showed up to 12 decimal digits.

The Calculator's Role in Improving Human Life
●    Workload reductions
●    Improved efficiency
●    It is a useful resource for teaching, particularly at a greater level where the fundamentals have been understood and greater focus is placed on idea comprehension.
●    Time savings and computation accuracy
●    Calculators are a source of income since they are extensively distributed.

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