Proven artists in survival

They are so inconspicuous - The most boring topic in all nature is without a doubt for many, lichens. They are so inconspicuous, that no decent person gets it into his head to look at these things extensively in the most unthinkable places, such as in your own garden, or when walking around the city, in forest or anywhere. There are hardly any people to find, who have a little knowledge of those looking for things. After I try to carry out some searches on the subject of lichens in the public library, it turns out that only a few booklets must be present. However, one of them is missing. Of the other two, one contains 144 pages and the other only 64. If you are going to ask the question after the library, at a large bookstore whether they still have books for sale about lichens, it turns out that they have nothing on this subject there. But luckily you have internet at hand, where you will get a nice touch after a puzzle trip. Much more has been written about mushrooms. Dozens of books have been published about that. And that's strange. Because lichens are also a kind of mushrooms. And absolutely no moss. Even the reindeer moss is not moss, but a lichen! Despite this, the name. Many lichens, like plants, are bound to a certain biotope. The main differences in occurrence between various types of lichens are determined by: Acidity of the substrate (stone, sand, wood) Nutrient richness of the substrate Humidity Light Intensity Some types of lichen are doing well. That's because of the environmental pollution! There are a number of lichens that thrive on the emission of ammonia, for example. Unfortunately, this does not apply to many other species, because a large amount of lichens is very bad against sulphur dioxide and ammonia. All in all, pollution means an advance in numbers of some species, but the disappearance of many more species altogether. And although the weather is a little better with the environment and therefore also with the lichens, the Netherlands has become one of the poorest lichen countries in the world, as they are fairly common in Belgium. Lichens - Wherever you walk in forest or forests, you will have noticed everywhere that there are quite a few lichens growing on many types of trees of any kind or state; weakened, dead or alive. They are peculiar double creatures that are made up of fungi and algae. Together they form a symbiosis. To be able to live as a team, they only need light and moisture. This creates their specific appearance that can vary very much in terms of. size, color and shape. Lichens differ from fungi due to their advanced age that can reach the fruiting bodies and by being at hand of a permanently visible plant body, the thallus . They differ from mosses due to the lack of fresh green colors and also due to the lack of trace hairstyles. Lichens are usually gray, greenish gray, yellowish gray, yellow, orange or brown. They often form crust-like placards or shrub-shaped structures. Survival artists - Lichens can grow very old, sometimes even centuries old. They grow slowly, but only in places where they do not have to compete with flower plants. Only reindeer moss, Icelandic moss and some other species can maintain in closed vegetation (skimpy grasslands and dwarf shrub vegetation). They are common on rocks and also on the bark of trees. Lichens feel comfortable, especially in the mountains. They can completely dry out without suffering damage, tolerate temperature differences and can be found in all climatic zones. Around 16,000 species of lichens exist worldwide. Many lichens are rare or even threatened in their pre-existence and should not be cut off or mutilated for a collection. Lichens that grow on trees ( epiphytic lichens) are most endangered. They suffer from changing their living space. These are light, natural forests with old trees. These are becoming rarer. Lichen reacts very sensitively to harmful substances such as sulphur dioxide, but also to climate changes. They are a kind of living measuring instruments for changes in the environment that also concern people. Research has shown that the disappearance of lichen is associated with respiratory problems in humans. Growth forms - There are 3 main types of fruiting: crust-shaped, leaf-shaped and jelly-shaped. The crustal lichens have grown together with their host. In the leaf-shaped lichens, the thallus is more or less strongly divided into lobes. In various places, they are connected to the host, sometimes through special sutures. Umbilical lichen are only fixed at a single point. Among the shrub-shaped lichens are all species that grow three-dimensional in space. They are small bushes. The beard mosses belong to this group. Their thallus depends on the branches of trees like a beard. Even more clearly shrub-shaped are the lichens that stand upright. They are often richly branched, sometimes rod, horn or skewer -shaped. Often they also have leaves or scales that grow over the host. Crust-shaped: thallus consists of small nipples, which do not always align as clearly. Prothallium sometimes still clear, on which areolas are. There are several types: Endolitic: stone growing Endophlueodic: growing in wood Placoied: long, narrow or scaly widened lobes in locations of Thallus areoles Squamuleus: the edge scales no longer growled with substrate Peltate: attached to substrate in the middle at the bottom Pulvinate: erected lobes, not just on the edge Leaf-shaped: lobes have a different bottom and upper side. The lobes are at least partly free from the substrate and are not grown with them. There are two main types: Lacinate: the distinctive lichen shape with great shape richness Umbilicate: shield shaped lichen with an attachment in the middle at the bottom, so that a 'navel' is visible at the top Shrub-shaped: the thallus of this type of lichen is band-shaped or cylindrical, and is generally radiar-built. Examples: Ramalina, Cladonia, Evernia, Usnea (beard moss). Leaf-shaped: small, shrub-shaped lichens with a hairfine thallus, in which the alga determines the growth shape (unlike most other lichens). Geloid: the symbiotic blue weeds determine the jelly-like consistency and color. All kinds of growth forms are found again in the gelatinous lichens, but these are usually small. Sphagnum - peat moss is a genus of mosses consisting of more than a hundred different species. The plants from this genus are also known as sphagnum moss. Among the general public, the moss is known for its use in decorative flower pieces, but due to its strong water-absorbing properties, it is also used to improve the structure of the soil and as a substrate for pets to be kept in humid conditions, such as amphibians. In some regions, sphagnum moss is used as insulation material, for example, to seal cracks in log cabins. Some species can absorb twenty times their dry weight of water in the cells, making it very suitable as a structure improver in soil, for example sandy soil. A disadvantage is that the moss can acidify the soil, by absorbing minerals such as calcium and magnesium and releasing hydrogen. This property has contributed to anaerobic species that the so-called peat corpses, corpses of people that are only found when they have been dead for many centuries, are so well preserved. Leaf mosses - - Leaf mosses are a Class of mosses and contains 95% of all species. This class consists of around 11,500 species that are found all over the world. The group is different because of its trace boxes with teeth called peristome. The teeth are separate from each other, but are all attached to the opening of the trace boxes. This teeth lie exposed when the Operculum falls off. In other groups of mosses, the boxes or peristome with a lid are attached, or open without teeth and operculum . Liver moss and hawkmosses - Liver Lessons and hawkmosses are a fairly species-rich group (of the order of ten thousand species) that are mainly found in the tropics. They love a humid environment, and many are epiphytes in tropical rainforests. However, they also occur in very cold areas such as Northern Siberia. They are counted among the Mosses, and are among the plants that do not propagate by seed (“lower plants”). They also do not have a transport system for water (they are not vascular plants). There is no real agreement on what the scientific name should be: Hepaticae and Marchantiopsida will be the most popular candidates. Within the liver mosses, further groups are distinguished, such as the vesicles and the valve fruit livers. Vegetative propagation - Lichens have organs, the soredium , soredia and isidium , which are used for vegetative propagation. Isidia are usually rod or club-shaped to coral-like branched, or sometimes also almost globular outgrowths of the thallus upperside. They break down easily. The broken parts develop into new short mosses. Soralia are visible as a 'mealy', usually whitish to grey-grey rash on the thallus. They consist of groups of very small, approximately spherical bodies, which are called soredia. They are laid out in the tissue layer of the thallus, where algae also live. Their shape can be elongated or line-shaped, sometimes also round. There are hollow and convex shapes. At the underside of leaf-shaped lichens are the so-called rhizins or suture fibers. They serve to anchor the thallus to the host. They are branched or tassely-shaped and sometimes resemble pipe cleaners. In some native leaf and shrub-shaped lichens, the edges or tops of the thallus lobes are lined with bristle-shaped protrusions, which cilium or eyelashes are called. The lichens that reproduce via soredia or isidia usually do not form fruiting bodies at all. Other species do come to fruiting. Fruiting bodies in lichens are formed by the fungal component of the thallus. #twamenschimmels #photography #lichens #mushrooms   #naturelover #naturephotography #yoorsblogger #photographynatuur #write #blogging #leafmoss #hawkmosses #veenmossen #levermossen Also take the time to read, appreciate and possibly share my previous blogs. - Carmine red just what you The furry curtain crust Velvety feet in bitter cold Bizarre fungi Hallucinant states with such a fly agaric Red-rimmed wood fungus - Fomitopsis pinicola A splash on a stump They're everywhere, and barely visible Like mouse ears so small No pear to stew A fungus with legs Almost as beautiful as the finest porcelain Escape from that labyrinth Through the maze Mushrooms between Vordenstein and Brasschaat Castle Panteramanite fatalities Paper mushroom (Byssomerulius corium) Can I captivate you with my swum? Fascinating world of water and moisture May I thank you wholeheartedly for the visit and your interest shown, given the many work that has been put into it, I also appreciate receiving an appropriate response and, or a sound form of appreciation, of course without obligation. - Comments not accompanied by a badge are not appreciated, rather just stay away, that's not how you waste my time. Source